Bitmaps Intro

A bitmap is a series of points (bits) arranged like a map so that, when put together, they produce a picture that can be written to, copied from, re-arranged, changed, manipulated, or stored as a computer file. Bitmaps are used to display pictures on graphical applications, word processors, database files, or audience presentations. To display its product on a device such as a monitor or a printer, a bitmap holds some properties and follows a set of rules.

There are various types of bitmap, based on the number of colors that the bitmap can display. First of all, a bitmap can monochrome in which case each pixel corresponds to 1 bit. A bit can also be colored. The number of colors that a bitmap can display is equal to 2 raised to the number of pits/pixel. For example, a simple bitmap uses only 4 pits/pixel or 4 bpp can handle only 2^4 = 16 colors. A more enhanced bitmap that requires 8 bpp can handle 2^8 = 256 colors. Bitmap are divided in two categories that control their availability to display on a device, namely :

1)    A device-independent bitmap (DIB) is a bitmap that is designed to be loaded on any application or display on any device and produce the same visual effect. To make this possible, such a bitmap contains a table of colors that describes how the colors of the bitmap should be used on pixels when displaying it. The characteristics of a DIB are defined by the BITMAPINFO structure.

2)    A device-dependent bitmap(DDB) is a bitmap created from the BITMAP structure the dimension of the bitmap.

Unlike the other GDI tools, creating a bitmap usually involves more steps. For example, we may want to create a bitmap to display on a window. We may create another bitmap to paint a geometric area, in which case the bitmap would be used as a brush.
Before creating a bitmap as a GDI object, we should first have a bitmap. We can do this by defining an array of unsigned hexadecimal numbers. Such a bitmap can be used for a brush.
To create and manipulate bitmaps, the MFC library provides the CBitmap class. The use of this class depends on the type of bitmap we want to create and how we want to use that bitmap. One way we can use a bitmap is to display a picture on a window. To do this, we must first have a picture resource. Although the Image Editor built -in Microsoft Visual C++ is meant to help with regular application resources, it has a problem handling a bitmap that displays more than 16 colors. The remedy used is to import the bitmap we want to use. Once our bitmap is ready, call the CBitmap::LoadBitmap() method. Its syntaxes :

       BOOL LoadBitmap(UINT nIDResource);
       BOOL LoadBitmap(LPCTSTR lpszResourceName);

The first version takes, as argument, the identifier of the bitmap we want to use. If the bitmap is recognized by its name, we can use the second version of this method and provide the lpszResourceName argument.
Before selecting the newly created bitmap object, allocate a block of computer memory that would hold the bitmap and can then copy it to the actual device. This job can be taken care of by the CDC::CreateCompatibleDC() method. Its syntax is :

      virtual BOOL CreateCompatibleDC(CDC *pDC);

This method takes a pointer to a device context. If it is successful, it returns TRUE or a non-zero value. If it is not, it returns FALSE or 0.

Practical Learning :
1. Start a new project and name it Bitmap1
2. Create is as a Single Document application based on CView
3. In the class View, expand everything and access the CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow() method
4. Change its code as follows:
      BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
      {
         if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs)) return FALSE;
     
         //The new width of the window's frame
        cs.cx = 480;
     
        //The new height of the window's frame
       cs.cy = 490;

       //Remove the untitled thing
      cs.style & = ~FWS_ADDTOTITLE;
      return TRUE;
      }

5. In the Resource view, display the string table and change the IDR_MAINFRAME caption to Poipo on Phone\n\nBitmap\n\nBitmap1.Document\nBitmap Document

6. Right-click any folder and click import...
7. In the import Resource dialog box, change the Files of Type to All files and, in the Look In Combo Box, change the folder to the one that holds the accompanying exercise for this example.
8. select the bitmap
9. Click import. After the bitmap has been imported, we may receive a message box. Then just click OK
10. Right-click the new IDB_BITMAP1 resource and click Properties
11. Change its ID to whatever name we want
12. Add a message handler of the WM_PAINT message for the CBitmap1 View class and implement it as follows :

 void CBitmap1View::OnPaint()
 {
      CPaintDC dc(this); //device context for painting
   
      //TODO: Add your message handler code here
      CBitmap BmpPoipo;
      CDC MemDCPoipo;

     //Load the bitmap from the resource
     BmpPoipo.LoadBitmap(IDB_POIPO);
     //Create a memory device compatible with the above CPaintDC variable
     MemDCPoipo.CreateCompatibleDC(&dc);
     //Select the new bitmap
     CBitmap *BmpPrevious = MemDCPoipo.SelectObject(&BmpPoipo);

     //Copy the bits from the memory DC into the current dc
     dc.BitBlt(20,10,436,364,&MemDCPoipo,0,0,SRCCOPY);

     //Restore the old bitmap
     dc.SelectObject(BmpPrevious);

    //Note : Do not call CView::OnPaint() for painting messages
 }

13. Run the applications... :D

Drawing Text in MFC

By default, the CDC class is able to draw text using a font pre-selected, known as the System Font. To draw text, we can use the CDC::TextOut() method. Its syntax is :

 virtual BOOL TesxtOut(int x, int y, LPCTSTR lpszString, int nCount);

To use this method, we must specify where the text would start. This location is determined from the (0,0) origin to the right (x) and to the bottom (y). The text to display is the lpszString. The nCount value is the length of text. Here is an example :

void CExoView::OnDraw(CDC *pDC)
{
      CExoDoc *pDoc = GetDocument();
      ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
   
     pDC->TextOut(50,42,"Hellow Poipo",12);
}

If we want to control the color used to draw the text, use the CDC::SetTextColor() method whose syntax is :

virtual COLORREF SetTextColor(COLORREF crColor);

The argument can be provided as a COLORREF variable or by calling the RGB macro. Here the example :

void CExoView::OnDraw(CDC *pDC)
{
      CExoDoc *pDoc = GetDocument();
      ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);

     pDC->SetTextColor(RGB(255,25,2));
    pDC->TextOut(50,42,"Hellow Poipo",12);
}